Estrogen neuroprotection and the critical period hypothesis
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Downregulation of G-protein-coupled receptor 30 in the hippocampus attenuates the neuroprotection of estrogen in the critical period hypothesis
The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of G‑protein‑coupled receptor 30 (GPR30) in long‑term 17β‑estradiol (E2) deprivation (LTED) in a rat model with global cerebral ischemia (GCI), and its therapeutic target for ischemic stroke in the clinical setting. Following bilateral ovariectomy, GCI was induced in rats 1 or 10 weeks post‑surgery. To determine the protein and mRNA expre...
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Recent work suggests that timing of 17β-estradiol (E2) therapy may be critical for observing a beneficial neural effect. Along these lines, E2 neuroprotection, but not its uterotropic effect, was shown to be lost following long-term E2 deprivation (LTED), and this effect was associated with a significant decrease of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) in the hippocampus but not the uterus. The purpose of...
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D uring the past few decades, a significant body of literature has emerged from the basic science community demonstrating neuroprotective effects and synaptic enhancements induced by estrogen in brain regions that mediate memory and cognition, such as the hippocampus (1). A parallel but less consistent literature emerged from clinical studies suggesting that estrogen treatment (ET) is protectiv...
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Given the general failure experienced by adults when attempting to learn a second or foreign language, many have hypothesized that a critical period exists for the domain of language learning. Supporters of the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH) contend that language learning, which takes place outside of this critical period (roughly defined as ending sometime around puberty), will inevitably be...
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The ultimate attainment level of Second Language Acquisition (L2A) contrasts sharply with that of First Language Acquisition (L1A) (Birdsong, 1999, p.1). That is: various success versus universal success (Gleitman & Newport, 1995, p.1). This significant difference between L1A and L2A is explained by the Critical Period Hypothesis (CPH). The CPH states that for language acquisition, either first...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
سال: 2012
ISSN: 0091-3022
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2011.10.001